ciosać in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/, /ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish], [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Kielce), [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Biecz), [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Żywiec) [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Rhymes: -ɔsat͡ɕ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei Proto-Slavic *tesàti Old Polish ciosać Polish ciosać Inherited from Old Polish ciosać. Etymology templates: {{etymon|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:ciosać|text=+|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei Proto-Slavic *tesàti Old Polish ciosać Polish ciosać Inherited from Old Polish ciosać. Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} ciosać impf Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], ciosam [present, singular], ciosamy [plural, present], ciosasz [present, singular], ciosacie [plural, present], ciosa [present, singular, third-person], ciosają [plural, present, third-person], ciosa się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech ciosam [imperative, singular], ciosajmy [imperative, plural], ciosaj [imperative, singular], ciosajcie [imperative, plural], niech ciosa [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ciosają [imperative, plural, third-person], ciosający [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciosająca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ciosające [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ciosający [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ciosające [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciosając [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb], no-table-tags [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], cioszę [present, singular], cioszemy [plural, present], cioszesz [present, singular], cioszecie [plural, present], ciosze [present, singular, third-person], cioszą [plural, present, third-person], ciosze się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech cioszę [imperative, singular], cioszmy [imperative, plural], ciosz [imperative, singular], cioszcie [imperative, plural], niech ciosze [imperative, singular, third-person], niech cioszą [imperative, plural, third-person], cioszący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciosząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], cioszące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], cioszący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], cioszące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciosząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb], no-table-tags [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], cieszę [present, singular], cieszemy [plural, present], cieszesz [present, singular], cieszecie [plural, present], ciesze [present, singular, third-person], cieszą [plural, present, third-person], ciesze się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech cieszę [imperative, singular], cieszmy [imperative, plural], ciesz [imperative, singular], cieszcie [imperative, plural], niech ciesze [imperative, singular, third-person], niech cieszą [imperative, plural, third-person], cieszący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciesząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], cieszące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], cieszący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], cieszące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciesząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb]

Inflected forms

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosno"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "pociosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosić"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "ciosać"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Silesian",
      "lang_code": "szl",
      "word": "ciesać"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*tesàti",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti.",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1418"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1418",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti. First attested in 1418.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieś"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "nacios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ociosanie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "przecieś"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "przecios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "zacios"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 42 42 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 28 28 2 3 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1895 [1418], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 145:",
          "text": "Pro octo capeciis yanszosy czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              96,
              104
            ],
            [
              233,
              241
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1974 [1423], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kaliskie, volume IV, number 694, Kalisz:",
          "text": "Yakom ia bil[i] poslem ot ksyenye do Przibky, aby przyyala ku granyczam tego dnya, kedy czyosny czyosany Alii in testimonium: Yako tho swyadczø, ysze kszyeny slala Bogusza do Przibky, aby przyyala ku graniczam tego dnya, gdi czyosny czyosani",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              50
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1456], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 487:",
          "text": "Pro centum arboribus yiolenter receptis czossanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              50
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 5:",
          "text": "Receperunt sibi violenter centum arbores czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              43,
              52
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 8:",
          "text": "Pro recepcione violenta centum arborum al. czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              94,
              105
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1462], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 424:",
          "text": "Patruus tuus[…] exaccomodavit[…] quadraginta septem robora[…] elaboratu al. czterdzesczy p[…] czyossanych",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1977-1980 [c. 1470], urowska-Górowska Wanda, Kyas Vladimir, editors, Mamotrekty staropolskie, Lubin, page 101:",
          "text": "Inpollito na czosanym",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 98:",
          "text": "Czoschana fabricata",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              29,
              37
            ],
            [
              61,
              69
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1874 [1494], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XIII, page 2452:",
          "text": "Robora conduxit pro stuba XX czoszane[…], a quibus roboribus czoszane dedit 1/2 marcam",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              106,
              116
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1981-2001 [c. 1500], Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy polskie w łacińskich kazaniach średniowiecznych, volume I, Trzemeszno, page 85:",
          "text": "Illi autem abeuntes accepta licencia munierunt zapyaczatovaly sepulcrum sigillis et lapide magno tabulato czyoszanym advolverunt",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-zlw-opl-verb-Wb8Ag~RY",
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 46 46 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 42 42 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 44 44 3 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 28 28 2 3 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-zlw-opl-verb-Jty7Klg7",
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 26 12 12 13 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Biecz Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 25 12 12 13 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kielce Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 46 46 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 42 42 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 44 44 3 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 28 28 2 3 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 18 26 8 9 16 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Żywiec Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1874-1891 [XV ex.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, page 147:",
          "text": "Arbores concidere czyoszacz",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "to cut down, to fell"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-zlw-opl-verb-c4zm3yxe",
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "cut down",
          "cut down"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Lesser Poland; attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) to cut down, to fell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              61,
              69
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 20, 25:",
          "text": "Apaklybi oltarz kamyenny uczynylbi nye bødzesz gego dzelacz sczyosane go kamyenya Bo podnyosllybi nosz swoy nadnym zmazan bødze",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              113,
              120
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 22, 2:",
          "text": "Yprzikazal abi bily sebrany wszitci wipowyedzeny z zemye Israhelskey yvstawyl znych lamacze abi lamaly kamyenye acyøsaly abi dzalan bil dom bozi",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 52:",
          "text": "Na czoschanem in polito",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew stone"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-zlw-opl-verb-LKt5vdB5",
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew stone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Masovia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ],
            [
              50,
              52
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1920 [1436], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 2287, Zakroczym:",
          "text": "O ktore czossni na mya Iunoscha szalowal, thom ya czossal y gagyl w sswem",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to nick, to notch"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-zlw-opl-verb-k1ioqjtu",
      "links": [
        [
          "nick",
          "nick"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Masovia, hapax legomenon) to nick, to notch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "grubo ciosany"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosywać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "časácʹ",
      "word": "часа́ць"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cio‧sać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cio‧sać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciesak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cioska"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosła"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Masonry",
          "orig": "pl:Masonry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Woodworking",
          "orig": "pl:Woodworking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-5cVcakm7",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Masonry",
          "orig": "pl:Masonry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Woodworking",
          "orig": "pl:Woodworking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
        "to shape, to form"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-jKe8~Bsj",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
        "(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kształcić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Kielce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Żywiec"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Biecz dialect",
    "Kielce dialect",
    "Masuration",
    "Żywiec dialect"
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Kielce Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
    "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ-",
    "Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teḱ-",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "pl:Masonry",
    "pl:Woodworking",
    "zlw-opl:Masonry",
    "zlw-opl:Woodworking",
    "Żywiec Polish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosno"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "pociosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "ciosać"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Silesian",
      "lang_code": "szl",
      "word": "ciesać"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*tesàti",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti.",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1418"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1418",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti. First attested in 1418.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieś"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślina"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "nacios"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ociosanie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "przecieś"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "przecios"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "zacios"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations",
        "Old Polish transitive verbs",
        "Silesia Old Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1895 [1418], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 145:",
          "text": "Pro octo capeciis yanszosy czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              96,
              104
            ],
            [
              233,
              241
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1974 [1423], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kaliskie, volume IV, number 694, Kalisz:",
          "text": "Yakom ia bil[i] poslem ot ksyenye do Przibky, aby przyyala ku granyczam tego dnya, kedy czyosny czyosany Alii in testimonium: Yako tho swyadczø, ysze kszyeny slala Bogusza do Przibky, aby przyyala ku graniczam tego dnya, gdi czyosny czyosani",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              50
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1456], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 487:",
          "text": "Pro centum arboribus yiolenter receptis czossanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              50
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 5:",
          "text": "Receperunt sibi violenter centum arbores czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              43,
              52
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 8:",
          "text": "Pro recepcione violenta centum arborum al. czosanego",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              94,
              105
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1868 [1462], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 424:",
          "text": "Patruus tuus[…] exaccomodavit[…] quadraginta septem robora[…] elaboratu al. czterdzesczy p[…] czyossanych",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1977-1980 [c. 1470], urowska-Górowska Wanda, Kyas Vladimir, editors, Mamotrekty staropolskie, Lubin, page 101:",
          "text": "Inpollito na czosanym",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 98:",
          "text": "Czoschana fabricata",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              29,
              37
            ],
            [
              61,
              69
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1874 [1494], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XIII, page 2452:",
          "text": "Robora conduxit pro stuba XX czoszane[…], a quibus roboribus czoszane dedit 1/2 marcam",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              106,
              116
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1981-2001 [c. 1500], Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy polskie w łacińskich kazaniach średniowiecznych, volume I, Trzemeszno, page 85:",
          "text": "Illi autem abeuntes accepta licencia munierunt zapyaczatovaly sepulcrum sigillis et lapide magno tabulato czyoszanym advolverunt",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations",
        "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
        "Old Polish transitive verbs",
        "Silesia Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations",
        "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
        "Old Polish transitive verbs",
        "Silesia Old Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1874-1891 [XV ex.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, page 147:",
          "text": "Arbores concidere czyoszacz",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "to cut down, to fell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "cut down",
          "cut down"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Lesser Poland; attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) to cut down, to fell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations",
        "Old Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              61,
              69
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 20, 25:",
          "text": "Apaklybi oltarz kamyenny uczynylbi nye bødzesz gego dzelacz sczyosane go kamyenya Bo podnyosllybi nosz swoy nadnym zmazan bødze",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              113,
              120
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 22, 2:",
          "text": "Yprzikazal abi bily sebrany wszitci wipowyedzeny z zemye Israhelskey yvstawyl znych lamacze abi lamaly kamyenye acyøsaly abi dzalan bil dom bozi",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 52:",
          "text": "Na czoschanem in polito",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew stone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew stone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Masovia Old Polish",
        "Old Polish hapax legomena",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ],
            [
              50,
              52
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1920 [1436], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 2287, Zakroczym:",
          "text": "O ktore czossni na mya Iunoscha szalowal, thom ya czossal y gagyl w sswem",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to nick, to notch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nick",
          "nick"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Masovia, hapax legomenon) to nick, to notch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Kielce Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymology texts",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ-",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teḱ-",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "pl:Masonry",
    "pl:Woodworking",
    "Żywiec Polish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "grubo ciosany"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosywać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "časácʹ",
      "word": "часа́ць"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cio‧sać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cio‧sać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciesak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cioska"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosła"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish terms with rare senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
        "to shape, to form"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
        "(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kształcić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Kielce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Żywiec"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Biecz dialect",
    "Kielce dialect",
    "Masuration",
    "Żywiec dialect"
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}

"ciosać" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Old Polish]

Verb [Polish]

Inflected forms